I apply the assessment framework to the EU Car Regulations of 2009, and 2019, and to the Fit For 55 revision as part of the EGD. The 2014 Regulation will be analyzed to a limited degree due to its nature as an interim regulation specifying the modalities of one the 2009 Regulation’s standards. The EU has merged the Regulations on the CO2 emission standards of cars and light commercial vehicles (vans) from the 2019 Regulation onwards. However, as cars make up the bulk of light road transport and for the...